歷來關於”團體迷思(Group think)”的研究中,許多研究者都認為提高成員多樣性,
例如混合各類特質、背景相異者於組織內,會是個有效降低團體迷思發生的好辦法,
但這個應該提升的多樣性,其中或許並不該包括”性別”這一項了─
在一篇由6月號哈佛商業評論(Harvard Business Review)所刊登的構想觀察,
“女性讓團隊變聰明？“中,卡內基美隆大學和MIT的研究者Anita Woolley及Thomas Malone,
就認為團體的”集體智能(collective intelligence)”雖與其各別成員沒有太大關聯,
但若其中有著較多的女性成員,那麼該團體的集體智能便能隨之提升!
(以下內容引述自What Makes a Team Smarter? More Women)
…..
…..gave subjects aged 18 to 60 standard intelligence tests and assigned them randomly to teams.
Each team was asked to complete several tasks—including brainstorming, decision making,
and visual puzzles—and to solve one complex problem.
Teams were given intelligence scores based on their performance.
Though the teams that had members with higher IQs didn’t earn much higher scores,
those that had more women did…..
…..
…..Many of the factors you might think would be predictive of group performance were not.
Things like group satisfaction, group cohesion, group motivation—
none were correlated with collective intelligence.
And, of course, individual intelligence wasn’t highly correlated, either…..
…..
…..It’s a preliminary finding—and not a conventional one.
The standard argument is that diversity is good and you should have both men and women in a group.
But so far, the data show, the more women, the better…..
…..
…..We have early evidence that performance may flatten out at the extreme end—
that there should be a little gender diversity rather than all women…..
…..
…..It’s not that I don’t trust the data. I do.
It’s just that part of that finding can be explained by differences in social sensitivity,
which we found is also important to group performance.
Many studies have shown that women tend to score higher on tests of social sensitivity than men do.
So what is really important is to have people who are high in social sensitivity,
whether they are men or women…..
…..
實驗結果圖表見此
作者Woolley也承認當團體內部的組成太極端,例如全都是女性時,表現並不會是最好的,
但就結果而言,似乎顯示”女性團體”會比”男性團體”來的聰明;
對此他們傾向以”社會敏感度(social sensitivity)”來解釋:
社會敏感度影響團體表現,而女性一般又有著較男性為高的社會敏感度,
所以女性較多的團體會表現較佳(在非純女性組成的情況下).
但從文章內容來看,研究者似乎沒有打算使用敏感度量表一類工具來重新配對,
並進行後續再試驗,所以其解釋是否正確恐尚無法確定;
不過從目前的結果來看,許多冒險作品中”一個男主角帶整群後宮去挑Boss”的情節,
或許也不是那麼的荒誕不經了─老闆,我要再加點兩個兔耳女祭司啊啊! (≧▽≦)ノ
謎之音:集體智能=/=戰鬥力,所以帶後宮挑魔王還是…..(咳咳)